In situations of prolonged vomiting or diarrhea that can lead to dehydration, it is important to maintain good hydration and proper electrolyte balance
The primary form of treatment for dehydration events caused by diarrhea and vomiting is oral rehydration using low-volume osmotic Oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS) because:
1. Absorption of electrolytes and nutrients of ORS is not affected, because the mechanism that combines the transport of sodium and glucose molecules in microvilli cells is not destroyed in case of diarrhea
2. It is the first line treatment recommended by WHO and ESPGHAN
3. Its use is simple and effective, it allows treating cases of diarrhea without complications and dehydration at home
Worldwide, conditions such as diarrhea are the leading causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality with approximately 760,000 deaths per year occurring in children under 5 years of age.
The main causes of diarrhea are infections, poor diet, drinking contaminated water and poor hygiene
Several factors can cause dehydration, but anytime a person can experience excessive loss of body fluids due to illness, it can be very difficult to stay hydrated.
The most common causes of dehydration include: gastroenteritis, food poisoning, extreme heat, exercise, travel and drinking alcohol.
Since the 1970s, organizations worldwide have indicated enteral rehydration therapy with low-volume rehydration oral solutions for children with gastroenteritis.
Juices and carbonated soft drinks are hyperosmotic and can worsen the condition by causing osmotic diarrhea